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What is growth in living organisms?
Growth is the increase in size, height, or amount of an organism and is unique to living things.
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How does growth differ in plants and animals?
Animals grow based on species-specific patterns, while plants grow from seeds into mature forms with roots, stems, and leaves.
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What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs (like plants) make their own food; heterotrophs (like animals) depend on other sources for food.
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What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process where green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce food (glucose) and release oxygen.
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Why does a plant kept in the dark for several days become weak?
Without sunlight, it cannot perform photosynthesis to make food.
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Give one example each of movement in plants and animals.
Animal: A bird flies using wings. Plant: A mimosa closes its leaves when touched.
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Why is phototropism considered movement in plants?
Because it involves the plant growing towards light, even though the plant does not change location.
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What is respiration in living organisms?
It is the process by which oxygen reacts with food to release energy, producing carbon dioxide.
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Name the respiratory organs of Fish, Human, Insect, and Frog.
Fish – Gills; Human – Lungs; Insect – Spiracles; Frog – Lungs and skin.
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How can you test that exhaled air contains carbon dioxide?
By blowing into lime water; it turns milky due to the presence of carbon dioxide.
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What is reproduction?
Reproduction is the process of producing new individuals of the same species.
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How does reproduction help in survival of species?
It ensures the continuation of life by producing new members.
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State one method of reproduction in plants and one in animals.
Plants – Seeds; Animals – Laying eggs or giving birth.
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List five key characteristics of living organisms.
Growth, Nutrition, Movement, Respiration, Reproduction.
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What is growth in living organisms?
Growth is the increase in size, height, or amount of an organism. It is unique to living things; non-living things do not grow on their own.
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How do animals grow?
Animals grow in size over time, but growth rates and patterns depend on the species (e.g., humans grow slowly over years; insects grow rapidly in short time).
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How do plants grow?
Plants develop from a seed into a mature plant with roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, increasing in size as they age.
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What is nutrition in living organisms?
Nutrition is the process of obtaining food. Plants make their own food (autotrophs), while animals get food from other sources (heterotrophs).
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What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food (glucose) in their leaves with chlorophyll, releasing oxygen.
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What is movement in living organisms?
All organisms show movement. Animals move from place to place (locomotion). Plants move by growing towards light or water and may react to touch.
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Give examples of animal locomotion appendages.
Legs (tiger), wings (bird), fins (fish), belly (snake).
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How do plants show movement?
Plants grow toward light (phototropism), roots grow toward water (gravitropism), and some plants like Mimosa close leaves when touched.
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What is respiration?
Respiration is the process where oxygen reacts with food in the body to produce energy. Oxygen is inhaled, and carbon dioxide is exhaled.
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What causes the chest to move during breathing?
The chest moves up and down during inhaling and exhaling, called respiratory movements.
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Name respiratory organs in different animals.
Fish - gills; Humans - lungs; Insects - spiracles; Frog - lungs and skin.
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What is reproduction?
Reproduction is when a mature living organism produces new members of the same species to ensure survival.
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How do plants reproduce?
Plants reproduce via seeds, cuttings, and spores.
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How do animals reproduce?
Animals reproduce by laying eggs or giving birth.
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What are the five main characteristics of living organisms?
Growth, Nutrition, Movement, Respiration, and Reproduction.
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What is plant diversity?
Plant diversity refers to the many types, shapes, and sizes of plants found in the environment.
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How are plants classified based on their nature?
Plants are classified as herbs, shrubs, trees, creepers, and climbers.
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What are the morphological features used to classify plants?
Seeds, stems, roots, and leaves.
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Name the plant habitats based on where they grow.
Terrestrial (land), Aquatic (water), Coastal (near the sea), Mangrove (swampy areas).
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How do animals show diversity based on habitat?
Animals live in terrestrial (land), aquatic (water), or aerial (air) habitats.
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What are the three types of animals based on food type?
Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores.
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What are the feeding mechanisms in animals?
Chew and swallow, swallow without chewing, chew and suck.
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What external features are used to classify animals?
Colour, shape, and appendages.
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What are the different modes of locomotion in animals?
Walking, swimming, flying, creeping.
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What is the difference in locomotion between plants and animals?
Plants are fixed to the ground and do not move; animals can move from place to place.
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How do plants and animals differ in nutrition?
Plants make their own food (autotrophic/photosynthesis); animals depend on other organisms for food (heterotrophic).
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Do plants and animals have chlorophyll?
Plants have chlorophyll; animals do not.
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How does growth differ between plants and animals?
Plant growth continues throughout life; animal growth stops after a certain age.
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Why is diversity among plants and animals important?
It adds to the beauty of nature and is essential for ecosystem balance.
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What is a dichotomous key?
A dichotomous key is a tool that helps identify organisms by using a series of yes/no questions based on observable characteristics.
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How does a dichotomous key work?
It divides organisms into smaller groups step-by-step, using features like the number of legs, presence of wings, or shape of beak.
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